I-TV spectrum engasetshenziswanga ingaletha kanjani i-Intanethi engabizi

Kushicilelwe ngu umphathi vula

Ithuluzi le-CSIR's Spensrum Sensing
Ithuluzi le-CSIR's Spensrum Sensing

Izixhumi zefrikhwensi ye-electromagnetic frequency spectrum eyaziwa nge-Television White Spaces (TVWS) ingasetshenziswa ukuhlinzeka nge-inthanethi engabizi kakhulu kubantu baseNingizimu Afrika.

Amandla alo mkhuba akhuliswe yisinqumo se-ICASA sokugunyaza ukusetshenziswa ngabasebenzisi be-TVWS isikhathi se-COVID-19 State of Disaster.

Lesi sinyathelo siqalisiwe kanye nokwabiwa kwesikhashana okuphuthumayo kwe-spectrum kumaselula asebenzayo.

Ukweseka lokhu, uMkhandlu Wezocwaningo Lwezesayensi Nezezimboni (i-CSIR) umemezele isinyathelo sokuhlinzeka ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisile ukusiza ngokuthunyelwa kwamanethiwekhi we-TVWS, mahhala.

"Lokhu kuyimizamo yokwenza ngcono amandla e-inthanethi kazwelonke nokunikeza ulwazi olufanele nolusesikhathini emphakathini ekulweni nobhubhane lwe-COVID-19," kusho iMenenja ye-CSIR Impact Area uNtsibane Ntlatlapa.

Lawa manethiwekhi alungele ukuletha i-broadband emiphakathini enganakiwe futhi anezezele ukuxhumana ezindaweni ezinesiminyaminya esindayo senethiwekhi yeselula.

ENingizimu Afrika, uhlelo lwethelevishini lwe-analogu lusakazwa ngaphezu kwamagagasi omsakazo ngaphakathi kwamabanga aphansi we-EMF spectrum.

Ama-TVWS ayizingxenye noma izikhala zemisakazo engasetshenziswanga esele phakathi kwamaqembu abelwe abasakazi bomabonakude ku-Ultra High Frequency (UHF) Range.

Lezi zikhala zitholakala phakathi kokuvama kwama-470MHz no-694MHz, futhi zivela njengababukeli “beqhwa” abazobona lapho befuna iziteshi zomabonakude ze-analogue.

I-spectrum ye-TVWS ingaba wusizo ikakhulukazi ekuhlinzekeni ukuxhumana phakathi kwejubane ezindaweni ezinkulu.

Izici zamagagasi kuleli bhande zibenza bakwazi ukudlulisa amabanga amade futhi bangene ezintweni ezenziwe ngabantu nezemvelo.

La magagasi angadlulisa imininingwane ngejubane elilinganiselwa ku-24Mbps ngebanga le-10km.

Imininingwane yolwazi lwe-Geo-location

Ukuze kudluliswe ukuxhumana kwe-broadband ngaphezu kwe-TVWS, kudingeka kube nokulawulwa ukuthi iziphi iziteshi ezingasetshenziswa ezindaweni ezithile ukuze kugweme ukugqagqana noma ukuphazanyiswa kwamasignali ngabasebenzisi abasesikhundleni.

Ngalokhu, i-ICASA inqume uhlelo lwezinto eziphilayo ezinemigangatho emithathu emithethweni yayo ye-TVWS eshicilelwe ngoNdasa 2018.

Izinhlobo ezimbili zemininingwane yolwazi ye-geo-location (GLSD) - i-Reference GLSD (R-GLSD) ne-Secondary GLSD (S-GLSD) - ithatha isigaba sokuqala nesesibili ngokulandelana.

I-ICASA isebenza nge-R-GLSD eyodwa ukwenza izibalo eziyisisekelo zamamephu aseNingizimu Afrika okutholakala kwe-TVWS ukuze kubekwe imikhawulo efanelekile yokulawula.

Ama-S-GLSD amaningi aphethwe abahlinzeki be-GLSD abaqeqeshiwe, okuyi-CSIR eyodwa. I-S-GLSD ihambisa ukulawulwa okuzenzakalelayo kobubanzi ngokunquma imvamisa ngqo yesilinganiselo esingasetshenziswanga ebangeni le-UHF.

Ngakho-ke isebenza njenge- “Spectrum switch” eqinisekisa ukuthi imishini yomsakazo esetshenziselwe ukuhlinzeka ngoxhumano lwe-TVWS broadband ayiphazamisi iziteshi ezisetshenziswayo.

Ungakuthola kanjani ukuxhumana kwe-Intanethi

Imishini yomsakazo eyaziwa ngeWhite Spaces Devices (WSDs) isetshenziswa opharetha ukuhlinzeka ukuxhumana kwe-Intanethi ngaphandle kwelayisensi yokusakaza ekhethekile ngaphakathi kwamabhendi e-ICASA aqinisekisiwe.

Izinhlobo ezimbili zama-WSD zichazwa yi-ICASA's TWVS Regulations - okuyiFixed and Nomadic, ebizwa nangokuthi yi-Master and Client WSDs.

Lowo owayenguNjiniyela Omkhulu ku-Internet Solutions uRoger Hislop uchaze ukuthi i- TVWS ifaneleka kakhulu kubanikazi bezindleko eziphansi, njengamalungu e-Wireless Access Providers 'Association (WAPA).

Lokhu kufaka abahlinzeki be-Wireless Internet Service (WISPs), abasebenzisa i-spectrum engenazo ilayisense eyabelwe ukusetshenziswa kwe-Wi-Fi ukunikeza ukuxhumana.

"Opharetha abadingi izimali ezinkulu ukufaka ama-TVWS network ngendlela abadinga ngayo ukuxhasa ingqalasizinda yabo," esho.

U-Hislop uqaphele ukuthi le mishini isebenza ngamandla futhi inganikwa amandla ngamandla elanga. Ngokwengeziwe, abahlinzeki akudingeki bakhokhele ilayisense ye-spectrum.

“Ngamanye amagama, kubahlinzeki be-TVWS imigoqo yokungena neyokusebenza iphansi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi isizukulwane esisha sabaphakeli bezinethiwekhi abaphazamisayo singene kulo mkhakha, ”kusho uHisop.

I-CSIR inikeze ukwehla kwentengo ejwayelekile yemishini edingekayo ukukhipha isiteshi sesiteshi se-TVWS nge-Master WSD ne-CPE ne-Client WSD.

Ikhithi yesiteshi semikhakha emithathu isebenza ngaphansi nje kuka-R85,400, kanti i-CPE ibiza cishe u-R15,400.

Izindleko zemishini ye-TVWS

Ukubambisana kwe-CSIR ne-TIA

I-CSIR ibisebenza emikhakheni yeDynamic Spectrum Access and Spectrum Management kusukela ngonyaka wezi-2009 futhi isizenzele inkundla yayo yeS-GLSD.

"I-CSIR S-GLSD iwubuchwepheshe obubalulekile bokusiza abahlinzeka ngezinsizakalo ze-Intanethi ukuthi basebenzise amanethiwekhi we-TVWS broadband ngokushesha kwi-geolocation ngesisekelo semiphakathi okunzima ukuyifinyelela futhi engayinakekeli kahle ngesikhathi sobhadane lwe-COVID-19," kusho umkhandlu.

"I-CSIR isimeme opharetha benethiwekhi be-TVWS abavunyelwe yi-ICASA ukuthi basebenzise izinsiza zayo ze-S-GLSD mahhala."

Isebenzisana neTechnology Innovation Agency (TIA) ukuhlinzeka ngezimali ezidingekayo ukwenza ubuchwepheshe be-GLSD butholakale ngokukhululeka kuma-SMME anentshisekelo yokuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo ze-broadband Internet ngokusebenzisa amanethiwekhi we-TVWS.

Umcwaningi omkhulu we-CSIR uDkt Fisseha Mekuria uthe lokhu kusebenzisana kuzosekela ukuhlinzekwa "kwemininingwane esindisa impilo futhi kunike amandla ukufunda nge-intanethi kubantu," ikakhulukazi emiphakathini eyayincishwe amathuba phambilini kanye nasemaphandleni.

Umbhalo ogcwele, wokuqala ungatholakala lapha .


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